Indian-Americans donate three times more to Democratic candidates than Republicans, according to a study of two decades of U.S. campaign contributions titled 'An Emerging Lobby: An Analysis of Campaign Contributions from Indian-Americans, 1998–2022'.

U.S. hosts 56.9 lakh Indians, followed by UAE with 38.9 lakh, Saudi Arabia with 27.5 lakh, and Malaysia with 29.3 lakh. Other countries with significant Indian populations include Sri Lanka, South Africa, the UK, Canada, Kuwait, and Singapore.

India is the second-largest source of international students in Australia, making up 17 percent of all student visa holders in 2025.

The U.S. accounts for slightly more than a third of India's pharmaceutical exports, primarily consisting of cheaper generic versions of popular drugs. Sales in the country rose 20 percent to approximately $10.5 billion in fiscal 2025.

India is set to boost drug exports to semi-regulated markets in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia to cut reliance on the U.S. amid tariff risks. The Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council of India also plans sales of finished goods to China.

The US Department of Justice has intensified scrutiny of H-1B hiring, urging reports of bias against US workers. India-born Harmeet Dhillon, Assistant Attorney General of Civil Rights, appointed by Trump, is leading the initiative.