The column first appeared in The Wire on February 24, 2022.
Indian democracy, an intricate and vibrant system, has become a paradoxical subject of discussion. On one hand, its institutions appear to be faltering, facing the risk of erosion or appropriation by undemocratic forces. On the other, democracy continues to thrive as a cherished and universally upheld ideal, endorsed even by those who may not consistently practice its principles.
The precarious state of India’s democratic institutions raises serious concerns. Key pillars such as the judiciary, media, and legislative bodies are increasingly perceived as compromised or ineffective in holding power accountable. Electoral processes, while robust in participation, often reflect fragmentation rather than consensus. This dilution of institutional efficacy places democracy at the mercy of its own practitioners, many of whom prioritize short-term gains over long-term democratic integrity.
Despite these challenges, the normative value of democracy remains intact. Politicians across the spectrum, regardless of their actions, unanimously uphold democratic ideals in rhetoric. The very fact that democracy continues to be the common ground of political discourse underscores its enduring significance. Even when democratic principles are selectively applied, their persistent advocacy reinforces the framework within which India’s political contests are staged.
Elections in India, hailed as a democratic festival, exemplify this duality. Voter turnout has surged, reflecting greater grassroots engagement. Marginalized groups, previously sidelined, now wield their electoral power more effectively. However, this increased participation has not translated into a shared vision for the nation’s future. Unlike the early post-independence elections envisioned by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, contemporary electoral contests often lack a unifying narrative. Instead, they are characterized by polarized campaigns and a transactional approach to governance.
This divergence—between the democratic ideal and its practical implementation—points to a critical need for reform. Strengthening institutions, fostering political accountability, and promoting civic education are essential steps to bridge this gap. Moreover, the emphasis must shift from merely conducting elections to ensuring they cultivate a collective imagination aligned with democratic aspirations.
As India’s democracy approaches its centenary, its resilience will depend on how effectively it navigates these contradictions. The enduring faith in democratic values offers hope, but translating this faith into substantive, inclusive, and visionary governance remains the ultimate challenge. The future of Indian democracy lies not in its celebration of form but in the deepening of its foundational principles…
Read More: The Wire
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